¬ü¾¥¹F¦¨NAFTA×q¨óij ¥[®³¤j«ªð½Í§P®à
2018-08-29
6070
27¤é¡A¬ü°ê»P¾¥¦èô´N§ó·s¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨ó©w¹F¦¨ªì¨Bì«h©Ê¨óij¡C¬ü°êÁ`²Î¤t´¶ÀH§Y¡u³Û¸Ü¡v¡An¾¨§Ö»P¥[®³¤j«±Ò¶T©ö½Í§P¡C©Ó¨ü¥¨¤jÀ£¤Oªº¥[®³¤j28¤é¬£¥X¦h¦W°ª©xuµØ²±¹y¡A«ªð½Í§P®à¡C
¾Ú¬ü´C³ø¾É¡A27¤é¡A¬ü°ê»P¾¥¦èô´N§ó·s¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨ó©w¹F¦¨ªì¨Bì«h©Ê¨óij¡C¬ü°êÁ`²Î¤t´¶ÀH§Y¡u³Û¸Ü¡v¡An¾¨§Ö»P¥[®³¤j«±Ò¶T©ö½Í§P¡C©Ó¨ü¥¨¤jÀ£¤Oªº¥[®³¤j28¤é¬£¥X¦h¦W°ª©xuµØ²±¹y¡A«ªð½Í§P®à¡C
¾Ú³ø¾É¡A¥[®³¤j¥~¥æ³¡ªø¥±¨½Äõ¤w¤¤Â_¼Ú¬w³X°Ý¦æµ{¡A©ó28¤é©èµØ²±¹y¡A«·s¥[¤J×q¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©öªº3¤è¨ó°Ó¡C¥±¨½Äõ·í¦a®É¶¡28¤é¤U¤È»P¬ü°ê¶T©ö¥NªíµÜ¯S§Æ¿A·|±à¡A¦o¦b¶i¤J·|±à¦aÂI«eªí¥Ü¡A¦Û¤v¹ï¬ü°ê©M¾¥¦èô¦b¶T©ö¤W©Ò¨ú±oªº¶i®i·P¨ì°ª¿³¡C³o¬O¤µ¦~5¤ë¥H¨Ó¡A¥±¨½Äõº¦¸»P¬ü°ê¦P¯Å§O©xû¶i¦æ·|±à¡C
¦¹¥~¡A¥[®³¤jÁ`²z§ù¾|¹Dªºº®u¯µ®Ñ¤Ú¯÷¡B¥[®³¤jº®u½Í§P¥Nªí¨U»®º¸µ¥°ª¯Å©xû¡A¤]¤w¸g·f¼28¤éªº¸¾÷«e©¹µØ²±¹y¡C¾Ú¥[®³¤jÁ`²z§ù¾|¹Dªº¿ì¤½«Çªí¥Ü¡A¤w©M¤t´¶´N¬ü¾¥¶T©ö½Í§P¶i®i¶i¦æ¡u¨ã«Ø³]©Êªº¥æ½Í¡v¡A¹ï¦U¦Û¹Î¶¤¥»©Pªº½Í§P¤u§@©ê´Á«Ý¡A¬ß¯à¶¶§Q§¹¦¨½Í§P¡C
¥Õ®c°ª¯Å¸gÀÙÅU°Ý®w¼w¬¥ªí¥Ü¡A¥L¤£·|²q´úµÜ¯S§Æ¿A¦b·|±à¥[®³¤j¥~ªø¥±¨½Äõ®É¡A·|´£¥X¤°»ò¼Ëªº±ø¥ó¡C¦ý¥L»{¬°¡A¥[®³¤j»Ýn±q¬ü°ê©M¾¥¦èô¤§¶¡¦¨¥\ªº¶T©ö½Í§P¤¤´M§äÆF·P¡A±q¥»©P¶}©l»P¬ü°ê¶i¦æ¶T©ö½Í§P¡C
28¤é¡A¬ü°ê°Ó°È³¡ªøù´µªí¥Ü¡AµL½×¥[®³¤j¬O§_·|¡u¤¶¤J¡v¡A¤t´¶¬F©²¤w¸g§¹¥þ·Ç³Æ¦n¡AÄ~Äò±À¶i·sªº¥_¬ü¦n·N¨óij¡Cù´µªí¥Ü¡G¡u¦b¾¥¦èô¥[¤J«á¡A§Ṳ́w¸gÀò±o¤F¤£¿ùªº¨óij¡A©Ò¥HÁ`²Î¤w«ü¥Ü¡AµL½×¥[®³¤j°Ñ¤£°Ñ¥[¡A§Ú̳£·|Ä~Äò±À¶i¡C¡v
¦P®É¡A¥Õ®c°ª¯Å¸gÀÙÅU°Ý®w¼w¬¥28¤éªí¥Ü¡A¦pªG¬ü°êµLªk©M¥[®³¤j¹F¦¨¨óij¡A¨º¬ü¬F©²±N¦Ò¼{¹ï¥[®³¤jªº¨T¨®µ¥¶i¤f°Ó«~¥[©º·s¤@½üªºÃöµ|¡C®w¼w¬¥»¡¡G¡uÁ`²Î©MÄ@·N¹F¦¨¤@Ó¹ï¬ü°ê¥[®³¤j³£¦³§Qªº«Ø³]©Ê¨óij¡A¦ý¦pªGµLªk¹F¦¨¡A¥L¤w¸g»¡¤F¡A§Ú̦³¥i¯à¥²¶·¦V¥[®³¤jªº¨T¨®¥[µ|¡C¡v
¾Ú±x¡A¬ü¡B¥[¡B¾¥¤T°êñ¸pªº¡m¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨ó©w¡n1994¦~1¤ë¥¿¦¡¥Í®Ä¡C¤t´¶´N¥ôÁ`²Î«á¡A¥h¦~4¤ë«Å¥¬¤T¤è±N«·s½Í§P¨ó©w¡A»Ý×q¤@¨Ç¥L»{¬°Åý¬ü°ê¡u¦YÁ«¡vªº±ø´Ú¡C¤t´¶¬F©²ì§Æ±æ¦b11¤ë¤¤´Á¿ïÁ|«e¡A¹F¦¨§ó·sª©¨ó©w¡A¦ý¤T¤è´N¦h¶µª§Ä³±ø´Úª§°õ¤£¤U¡C
¾¥¦èô7¤ëªìÁ|¦æ¿ïÁ|¡A·s·í¿ïÁ`²Î¬¥¨Ø´µ©w©ó12¤ë1¤é´N¥ô¡A¦h¶µ¬Fµ¦¥D±i»P²{¥ôÁ`²Î°ö¥§¨È¤£¦P¡C°ö¥§¨È¦¹«e»¡¡A§Æ±æ¦b¨ø¥ô«eñ¸p¨ó©w¡C
¾Ú³ø¾É¡A¥[®³¤j¥~¥æ³¡ªø¥±¨½Äõ¤w¤¤Â_¼Ú¬w³X°Ý¦æµ{¡A©ó28¤é©èµØ²±¹y¡A«·s¥[¤J×q¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©öªº3¤è¨ó°Ó¡C¥±¨½Äõ·í¦a®É¶¡28¤é¤U¤È»P¬ü°ê¶T©ö¥NªíµÜ¯S§Æ¿A·|±à¡A¦o¦b¶i¤J·|±à¦aÂI«eªí¥Ü¡A¦Û¤v¹ï¬ü°ê©M¾¥¦èô¦b¶T©ö¤W©Ò¨ú±oªº¶i®i·P¨ì°ª¿³¡C³o¬O¤µ¦~5¤ë¥H¨Ó¡A¥±¨½Äõº¦¸»P¬ü°ê¦P¯Å§O©xû¶i¦æ·|±à¡C
¦¹¥~¡A¥[®³¤jÁ`²z§ù¾|¹Dªºº®u¯µ®Ñ¤Ú¯÷¡B¥[®³¤jº®u½Í§P¥Nªí¨U»®º¸µ¥°ª¯Å©xû¡A¤]¤w¸g·f¼28¤éªº¸¾÷«e©¹µØ²±¹y¡C¾Ú¥[®³¤jÁ`²z§ù¾|¹Dªº¿ì¤½«Çªí¥Ü¡A¤w©M¤t´¶´N¬ü¾¥¶T©ö½Í§P¶i®i¶i¦æ¡u¨ã«Ø³]©Êªº¥æ½Í¡v¡A¹ï¦U¦Û¹Î¶¤¥»©Pªº½Í§P¤u§@©ê´Á«Ý¡A¬ß¯à¶¶§Q§¹¦¨½Í§P¡C
¥Õ®c°ª¯Å¸gÀÙÅU°Ý®w¼w¬¥ªí¥Ü¡A¥L¤£·|²q´úµÜ¯S§Æ¿A¦b·|±à¥[®³¤j¥~ªø¥±¨½Äõ®É¡A·|´£¥X¤°»ò¼Ëªº±ø¥ó¡C¦ý¥L»{¬°¡A¥[®³¤j»Ýn±q¬ü°ê©M¾¥¦èô¤§¶¡¦¨¥\ªº¶T©ö½Í§P¤¤´M§äÆF·P¡A±q¥»©P¶}©l»P¬ü°ê¶i¦æ¶T©ö½Í§P¡C
28¤é¡A¬ü°ê°Ó°È³¡ªøù´µªí¥Ü¡AµL½×¥[®³¤j¬O§_·|¡u¤¶¤J¡v¡A¤t´¶¬F©²¤w¸g§¹¥þ·Ç³Æ¦n¡AÄ~Äò±À¶i·sªº¥_¬ü¦n·N¨óij¡Cù´µªí¥Ü¡G¡u¦b¾¥¦èô¥[¤J«á¡A§Ṳ́w¸gÀò±o¤F¤£¿ùªº¨óij¡A©Ò¥HÁ`²Î¤w«ü¥Ü¡AµL½×¥[®³¤j°Ñ¤£°Ñ¥[¡A§Ú̳£·|Ä~Äò±À¶i¡C¡v
¦P®É¡A¥Õ®c°ª¯Å¸gÀÙÅU°Ý®w¼w¬¥28¤éªí¥Ü¡A¦pªG¬ü°êµLªk©M¥[®³¤j¹F¦¨¨óij¡A¨º¬ü¬F©²±N¦Ò¼{¹ï¥[®³¤jªº¨T¨®µ¥¶i¤f°Ó«~¥[©º·s¤@½üªºÃöµ|¡C®w¼w¬¥»¡¡G¡uÁ`²Î©MÄ@·N¹F¦¨¤@Ó¹ï¬ü°ê¥[®³¤j³£¦³§Qªº«Ø³]©Ê¨óij¡A¦ý¦pªGµLªk¹F¦¨¡A¥L¤w¸g»¡¤F¡A§Ú̦³¥i¯à¥²¶·¦V¥[®³¤jªº¨T¨®¥[µ|¡C¡v
¾Ú±x¡A¬ü¡B¥[¡B¾¥¤T°êñ¸pªº¡m¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨ó©w¡n1994¦~1¤ë¥¿¦¡¥Í®Ä¡C¤t´¶´N¥ôÁ`²Î«á¡A¥h¦~4¤ë«Å¥¬¤T¤è±N«·s½Í§P¨ó©w¡A»Ý×q¤@¨Ç¥L»{¬°Åý¬ü°ê¡u¦YÁ«¡vªº±ø´Ú¡C¤t´¶¬F©²ì§Æ±æ¦b11¤ë¤¤´Á¿ïÁ|«e¡A¹F¦¨§ó·sª©¨ó©w¡A¦ý¤T¤è´N¦h¶µª§Ä³±ø´Úª§°õ¤£¤U¡C
¾¥¦èô7¤ëªìÁ|¦æ¿ïÁ|¡A·s·í¿ïÁ`²Î¬¥¨Ø´µ©w©ó12¤ë1¤é´N¥ô¡A¦h¶µ¬Fµ¦¥D±i»P²{¥ôÁ`²Î°ö¥§¨È¤£¦P¡C°ö¥§¨È¦¹«e»¡¡A§Æ±æ¦b¨ø¥ô«eñ¸p¨ó©w¡C
¬ü¾¥¹F¦¨NAFTA×q¨óij ±N»P¥[®³¤j®i¶}½Í§P
¾Ú¤¤¥¡ªÀ³ø¾É¡A¬ü°êÁ`²Î¤t´¶ªí¥Ü¡A¬ü°ê»P¾¥¦èô·í¦a®É¶¡27¤é¤w´N×q¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨ó©w(NAFTA)¹F¦¨¨ó©w¡A»P¥[®³¤jªº½Í§P¤]¥i±æ§Y±N®i¶}¡C
¾Ú³ø¾É¡A¤t´¶»¡¡A¡u¤j®a³£§â¥¦ºÙ¬°¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨óij¡A§ÚÌ¥H«á·|§â¥¦ºÙ¬°¬ü°ê¡X¡X¾¥¦èô¶T©ö¨óij¡A§ÚÌn´±ó¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨ó©w¤§¦W¡v¡A¨Ã»¡¡A¦Wµ¹¤H¡u¤£¦nªºÁp·Q¡v¡C
³ø¾ÉºÙ¡A¬ü¡B¾¥¹F¦¨¨óij±À¤Éª÷¿Ä¥«³õ¨«°ª¡A¤]¬°¥[®³¤j«ªð½Í§P¡B¥H×q1994¦~¥Í®Äªº¬ü¡B¥[¡B¾¥3°ê¶T©ö¨ó©w¶}±Ò¤jªù¡C¤@¦W¬ü°ê°ª¼h¶T©ö©xû»¡¡A©w®×ª©¨ó©w¥i¯à·|¦b31¤é¤§«e¹F¦¨¡C
¾Ú³ø¾É¡A¤t´¶»¡¡A¡u¤j®a³£§â¥¦ºÙ¬°¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨óij¡A§ÚÌ¥H«á·|§â¥¦ºÙ¬°¬ü°ê¡X¡X¾¥¦èô¶T©ö¨óij¡A§ÚÌn´±ó¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨ó©w¤§¦W¡v¡A¨Ã»¡¡A¦Wµ¹¤H¡u¤£¦nªºÁp·Q¡v¡C
³ø¾ÉºÙ¡A¬ü¡B¾¥¹F¦¨¨óij±À¤Éª÷¿Ä¥«³õ¨«°ª¡A¤]¬°¥[®³¤j«ªð½Í§P¡B¥H×q1994¦~¥Í®Äªº¬ü¡B¥[¡B¾¥3°ê¶T©ö¨ó©w¶}±Ò¤jªù¡C¤@¦W¬ü°ê°ª¼h¶T©ö©xû»¡¡A©w®×ª©¨ó©w¥i¯à·|¦b31¤é¤§«e¹F¦¨¡C
³o3Ó¶T©ö¹Ù¦ñ°êªº¬ÛÃö½Í§P©ì©µ¤F¤@¦~¦h¡A¤t´¶´¿¤@¦A´¨¥±N¼o±ó³o¶µ¨ó©w¡A¦]¦ÓÅͰʪ÷¿Ä¥«³õ¡A¬°¾¥¦èô©M¥[®³¤j¹ôȺc¦¨À£¤O¡C¤t´¶27¤éªí¥Ü¡A¥L§Y±N»P¥[®³¤jÁ`²z§ù¾|¹D°Ó½Í¡F¦ý¤]´¨¥¡A¹ï¶i¤f¥[®³¤j¨T¨®¥[¼xÃöµ|¡An¤ñ±N¥[®³¤j¯Ç¤J¬ü¾¥¨ó©w®e©ö¡C
¾Ú³ø¾É¡A¬ü¡B¾¥¤§¶¡ªº°Ó°Q±Mª`©ó¬°¨T¨®·~¨î©w·s³W©w¡A¤t´¶¥H¦¹§@¬°×q¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨ó©wªº®Ö¤ß½ÒÃD¡C¥L¤@¦A±N쥻ªº¨óijºÙ¬°¬ü°ê¤u¤Hªº¡u¨aÃø¡v¡C
¥t¤@¦W¬ü°ê©xû³zÅS¡A®Ú¾Ú¬ü¡B¾¥¹F¦¨ªº¨ó©w¡A¨T¨®¤º³¡¹s¥ó¥²¶·¦³75%¬O¦b¥_¬ü¦a°Ï¥Í²£¡A¸û¥Ø«e³W©wªº62.5%´£°ª¡C¤@¥÷±¡ªp²³ø¯ó½Z«h¸ü©ú¡A¨T¨®¹s¥ó±N¦b¬ü°ê©M¾¥¦èô¥Í²£¡C³o¦W©xû»¡¡A¬ü¾¥¨óij¨Ãn¨D¡A40%¦Ü45%¹s¥ó¶·¥Ñ®ÉÁ~¦Ü¤Ö16¬ü¤¸ªº¤u¤H»s³y¡C
«ez¬ü°ê°ª¼h¶T©ö©xû»¡¡G¡u§Ú̲{¦b¤]¥¿ÁܽХ[®³¤j¥[¤J¡A§Æ±æ¤]¯à©M¥LÌÀòP¤½¥¦¨¥\ªºµ²½×¡C§ÚÌ©M¥[°êÁÙ¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¦s¦b¡A¦ý§Ú»{¬°¡A«Ü§Ö´N¯à¸Ñ¨M¡C¡v
¾Ú±x¡A¤t´¶©Î¦b¥»¶g¥½¤§«e¥¿¦¡³qª¾°ê·|¡A¥L¦³·N¦b90¤Ñ¤ºÃ±¸p¶T©ö·s¨ó©w¡A³oӮɵ{±N¨Ï¾¥¦èôÁ`²Î°ö¥§¨È¨Ó±o¤Î¦b¨ø¥ô¤§«eñ¸p¨ó©w¡C
¡i¤¤·sºô¡j¡i¹Ï¤ù¬°¸ê®Æ·Ó¡j
¾Ú³ø¾É¡A¬ü¡B¾¥¤§¶¡ªº°Ó°Q±Mª`©ó¬°¨T¨®·~¨î©w·s³W©w¡A¤t´¶¥H¦¹§@¬°×q¥_¬ü¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö¨ó©wªº®Ö¤ß½ÒÃD¡C¥L¤@¦A±N쥻ªº¨óijºÙ¬°¬ü°ê¤u¤Hªº¡u¨aÃø¡v¡C
¥t¤@¦W¬ü°ê©xû³zÅS¡A®Ú¾Ú¬ü¡B¾¥¹F¦¨ªº¨ó©w¡A¨T¨®¤º³¡¹s¥ó¥²¶·¦³75%¬O¦b¥_¬ü¦a°Ï¥Í²£¡A¸û¥Ø«e³W©wªº62.5%´£°ª¡C¤@¥÷±¡ªp²³ø¯ó½Z«h¸ü©ú¡A¨T¨®¹s¥ó±N¦b¬ü°ê©M¾¥¦èô¥Í²£¡C³o¦W©xû»¡¡A¬ü¾¥¨óij¨Ãn¨D¡A40%¦Ü45%¹s¥ó¶·¥Ñ®ÉÁ~¦Ü¤Ö16¬ü¤¸ªº¤u¤H»s³y¡C
«ez¬ü°ê°ª¼h¶T©ö©xû»¡¡G¡u§Ú̲{¦b¤]¥¿ÁܽХ[®³¤j¥[¤J¡A§Æ±æ¤]¯à©M¥LÌÀòP¤½¥¦¨¥\ªºµ²½×¡C§ÚÌ©M¥[°êÁÙ¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¦s¦b¡A¦ý§Ú»{¬°¡A«Ü§Ö´N¯à¸Ñ¨M¡C¡v
¾Ú±x¡A¤t´¶©Î¦b¥»¶g¥½¤§«e¥¿¦¡³qª¾°ê·|¡A¥L¦³·N¦b90¤Ñ¤ºÃ±¸p¶T©ö·s¨ó©w¡A³oӮɵ{±N¨Ï¾¥¦èôÁ`²Î°ö¥§¨È¨Ó±o¤Î¦b¨ø¥ô¤§«eñ¸p¨ó©w¡C
¡i¤¤·sºô¡j¡i¹Ï¤ù¬°¸ê®Æ·Ó¡j
§@ªÌ¤¶²Ð
©µ¦ù¾\Ū